Antibiotics Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D and Cyan-416 E, and ester derivatives of Cyan-416 B

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to new antibiotics designated Cyan-416A, Cyan 416B, Cyan-416C, Cyan-416D and Cyan-416E to their production by fermentation of  Acremonium  sp. NRRL 30631 to methods for recovery and concentration from the crude solutions, and to a process for purification and to semisynthetic ethers of Cyan-416B.

This application is a divisional application of copending application,application Ser. No. 10/736,425 filed Dec. 15, 2003 which claimspriority from provisional application Application No. 60/434,004 filedon Dec. 17, 2002, the entire disclosure of which is herein incorporatedby reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to new antibiotics designated Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D, and Cyan-416 E, to production byfermentation, to methods for recovery and concentration from the crudesolutions, to process for purification of Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B,Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D and Cyan-416 E and to the synthesis of the estersof Cyan-416 B.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

New improved antibiotics are continually in demand, for the treatment ofdiseases in man. Antibiotic resistant organisms are continually aproblem, with Vancomycin the last defense, particularly in hospitals.Especially in hospitals, isolates, which are vancomycin resistant, arebecoming more common. A recent survey found 7.9% of Enterococci inUnited States hospitals are now vancomycin resistant. “NosocomialEnterococci Resistant to Vancomycin” Morbidity and Mortality WeeklyReport 42(30):597–598(1993). Further resistance of Vancomycin and otherantibiotics to Enterococcus faecium is reported, Handwergers. et al.,Clin. Infect. Dis. 1993(16), 750–755. Resistance organisms are also aproblem for other important antibiotics, which includes methicillin.

Clearly, antibiotic resistance is a growing public health problem andhaving new antibiotics available could provide additional options forphysicians in treatment regimens.

The medical community recognizes that there is an ongoing need foradditional antibiotics. The search for new antibiotics which exhibitantibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant isolates and havingstructures which are not derivatives of vancomycin are particularlyappealing.

Antibiotics described in the literature include: Xanthoquinodins,Tabata, Noriko; Suzumura, Yasuko; Tomoda, Hiroshi; Masuma, Rokuro;Haneda, Katsuji; Kishi, Masanori; Iwai, Yuzuru; Omura, Satoshi.Xanthoquinodins, new anticoccidial agents produced by Humicola sp.:production, isolation, and physico-chemical and biological properties.J. Antibiot. (1993), 46(5), 749–55. Tabata, Noriko; Tomoda, Hiroshi;Matsuzaki, Keiichi; Omura, Satoshi. Structure and biosynthesis ofxanthoquinodins, anticoccidial antibiotics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1993),115(19), 8558–64. Omura, Satoshi; Koda, Hiroshi; Masuma, Rokuro; Haneda,Katsuji; Iwai, Yuzuru. Anticoccidial agents manufactured with Humicola.(1994), 25 pp., JP 06116281 A2 19940426. Tabata, Noriko; Tomoda,Hiroshi; Iwai, Yuzuru; Omura, Satoshi. Xanthoquinodin B3, a newanticoccidial agent produced by Humicola sp. FO-888. J. Antibiot.(1996), 49(3), 267–71 and Pinselic acid, related to Cyan-416 D isreported by Law, Kai-Kwong; Chan, Tze-Lock; Tam, Shang Wai; Shatin, N.T. Synthesis of pinselic acid and pinselin. J. Org. Chem. (1979),44(24), 4452–3.

However, all of the above-disclosed antibiotics are distinct from thepresent invention.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the following antibiotic compounds:

Antibiotic Cyan-416 A having the structure:

Antibiotic Cyan-416 B having the structure:

Antibiotic Cyan-416 C having the structure:

Antibiotic Cyan-416 D having the structure:

Antibiotic Cyan-416 E having the structure:

andfurther relates to esters of Cyan-416 B of Formula I and a process forthe preparation thereof

where R is straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenylof 2 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms andcycloalkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

The present invention includes within its scope the agents in diluteform, as a crude concentrate, and in pure form. The present inventionalso relates to the use of the compounds according to the invention inantimicrobial compositions and as an antiseptic, or disinfectant.

It is an object of this invention to provide compounds of the invention,which are shown to possess antibacterial activity, especially againstvancomycin resistant bacterial isolates and in particular having achemical structure unlike vancomycin.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1. shows ultraviolet absorption spectrum of Cyan-416 A.

FIG. 2. shows ultraviolet absorption spectrum of Cyan-416 B.

FIG. 3. shows ultraviolet absorption spectrum of Cyan-416 C.

FIG. 4. shows ultraviolet absorption spectrum of Cyan-416 D.

FIG. 5. shows ultraviolet absorption spectrum of Cyan-416 E.

FIG. 6. shows proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Cyan-416 Ain DMSO-d₆ at 400 MHz.

FIG. 7. shows proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Cyan-416 Bin DMSO-d₆ at 400 MHz.

FIG. 8. shows proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Cyan-416 Cin DMSO-d₆ at 400 MHz.

FIG. 9. shows proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Cyan-416 Din DMSO-d₆ at 400 MHz.

FIG. 10. shows proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Cyan-416 Ein DMSO-d₆ at 400 MHz.

FIG. 11. shows carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Cyan-416A in DMSO-d₆ at 100 MHz.

FIG. 12. shows carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Cyan-416B in DMSO-d₆ at 100 MHz.

FIG. 13. shows carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Cyan-416C in DMSO-d₆ at 100 MHz.

FIG. 14. shows carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Cyan-416D in DMSO-d₆ at 100 MHz.

FIG. 15. shows carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of Cyan-416E in DMSO-d₆ at 100 MHz.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The invention relates to new antibiotics Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B,Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D and Cyan-416 E, to the production of theantibiotics by fermentation, to methods for the recovery andconcentration of the antibiotics from crude solutions, and to processesfor the purification of the antibiotics. The invention includes withinits scope the new antibiotics in diluted form, as crude concentrate andin pure form. The novel antibiotics are useful as antibacterial agents.

As used herein the term alkyl means a branched or straight chain radicalhaving from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

As used herein the term alkenyl as used herein means an unsaturatedbranched or straight chain radical having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms.Alkenyl, may be used synonymously with the term olefin and includesalkylidenes. Exemplary alkenyl groups include but are not limited toethylene, propylene and isobutylene.As used herein the term cycloalkyl means a saturated monocyclic ringhaving from 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Exemplary cycloalkyl rings include butare not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl,As used herein the term cycloalkenyl means a non-aromatic monocyclicring system containing a carbon—carbon double bond and having about 3 toabout 10 atoms. Preferred monocyclic cycloalkenyl rings includecyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl.The new antibiotics designated Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C,Cyan-416 D and Cyan-416 E are formed during the fermentation ofAcremonium sp. NRRL30631.

The structure of the new antibiotic Cyan-416 A is:

The physico-chemical characteristics of Cyan-416 A are as follows:

1. Molecular weight: 614 (ESIMS);

2. Apparent molecular formula: C₃₃H₂₆O₁₂;

3. High-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance massspectrum (positive): m/z 615.14913 (MH⁺, C₃₃H₂₇O₁₂ requires 615.14970);

4. Ultraviolet absorption spectrum as shown in FIG. 1;

5. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance signals as shown in FIG. 6 (400MHz, DMSO-d₆);

6. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance signals as shown in FIG. 11 (100MHz, DMSO-d₆), with significant signals listed below:

199.88 187.56 183.39 169.69 167.70 160.45 159.55 158.48 151.00 147.22145.61 145.50 136.70 132.37 131.68 131.09 123.18 122.04 118.88 117.66113.08 112.44 112.06 109.48 108.69 105.45 72.46 52.01 41.08 37.62 33.9321.52 20.78

The structure of the new antibiotic Cyan-416 B is:

The physico-chemical characteristics of Cyan-416 B are as follows:

-   -   1. Molecular weight: 572 (ESIMS);    -   2. Apparent molecular formula: C₃₁H₂₄O₁₁;    -   3. High-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance        mass spectrum (positive): m/z573.13900 (MH⁺, C₃₁H₂₅O₁₁ requires        573.13968);    -   4. Ultraviolet absorption spectrum as shown in FIG. 2;    -   5. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance signals as shown in FIG. 7        (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆);    -   6. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance signals as shown in FIG.        12 (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆), with significant signals listed below:

199.86 187.03 184.84 167.76 160.51 159.50 158.39 151.04 147.07 146.31145.53 142.73 134.69 131.16 130.18 122.22 122.08 117.64 117.36 113.77112.45 111.63 109.45 108.64 106.16 71.39 52.02 42.37 37.41 34.44 21.56

The structure of the new antibiotic Cyan-416 C is:

The physico-chemical characteristics of Cyan-416 C are as follows:

-   -   1. Molecular weight: 630 (ESIMS);    -   2. Apparent molecular formula: C₃₃H₂₆O₁₃;    -   3. High-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance        mass spectrum (positive): m/z 631.14490 (MH⁺, C₃₃H₂₇O₁₃ requires        631.14462);    -   4. Ultraviolet absorption spectrum as shown in FIG. 3;    -   5. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance signals as shown in FIG. 8        (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆);    -   6. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance signals as shown in FIG.        13 (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆), with significant signals listed below:

202.78 199.83 195.54 171.03 167.72 162.68 158.96 158.55 151.09 149.44145.55 145.00 139.53 134.60 131.00 128.72 122.14 118.24 117.69 117.38114.67 112.33 109.90 108.85 108.60 81.51 70.12 51.95 46.74 43.40 31.5121.84 20.86

The structure of the new antibiotic Cyan-416 D is:

The physico-chemical characteristics of Cyan-416 D are as follows:

1. Molecular weight: 318 (ESIMS);

2. Apparent molecular formula: C₁₆H₁₄O₇;

3. High-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance massspectrum (positive): m/z 319.08104 (MH⁺, C₁₆H₁₅O₇ requires 319.08177);

4. Ultraviolet absorption spectrum as shown in FIG. 4;

5. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance signals as shown in FIG. 9 (400MHz, DMSO-d₆);

6. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance signals as shown in FIG. 14 (100MHz, DMSO-d₆), with significant signals listed below:

199.35 168.06 161.57 151.23 147.56 145.65 131.24 122.21 117.52 112.36108.96 107.53 51.94 21.65The structure of the new antibiotic Cyan-416 E is:

The physico-chemical characteristics of Cyan-416 E are as follows:

-   -   1. Molecular weight: 648 (ESIMS);    -   2. Apparent molecular formula: C₃₃H₂₈O₁₄;    -   3. High-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance        mass spectrum (negative): m/z647.14154 (M-H, C₃₃H₂₇O₁₄ requires        647.14016);    -   4. Ultraviolet absorption spectrum as shown in FIG. 5;    -   5. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance signals as shown in FIG. 10        (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆);    -   6. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance signals as shown in FIG.        15 (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆), with significant signals listed below:

199.56 168.06 160.99 157.67 151.28 146.97 145.48 131.44 122.23 117.24116.67 111.98 108.50 108.08 51.76 21.44 20.16

A further preferred embodiment within the scope of this inventionrelates to the novel esters of Cyan-416 B and the process for theproduction of these compounds (Formula I):

where R is straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenylof 2 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms andcycloalkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms.Preferably R is —CH₂CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, or—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃.

The new antibacterial agents Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C,Cyan-416 D and Cyan-416 E are formed during the cultivation undercontrolled conditions of a fungus, LL-Cyan-416, which is a strain ofAcremonium sp. NRRL30631.

This microorganism is maintained in the cultural collection of WyethResearch, Pearl River, N.Y. 10965, as culture LL-Cyan-416.

Description of LL-Cyan-416

Culture LL-Cyan426 is that of a fungus, Acremonium sp., isolated from asample collected from a mixed Douglas Fir-Hardwood forest, Crane IslandPreserve, San Juan County, Wash. State, in 1993. The culture has beendeposited with Agricultural Research Services Culture Collection (NRRL),National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, AgriculturalResearch Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture at 1815 NorthUniversity Street, Peoria, Ill. 61604 as NNRL 30631.

The culture LL-Cyan416, identified as Acremonium sp., exhibits thefollowing morphological features:

On oatmeal agar (Difco Laboratories), colony attaining a diameter of 37mm after 21 days at 25° C. Colony mat white to Yellowish White (4A2),floccose; reverse Ivory (4B3); very light brown pigment present andexudate absent.

On potato-dextrose agar (Difco) colony attaining a diameter of 39.5 mmafter 21 days at 25° C. Colony mat white, sulcate; reverse PompeianYellow (5C6) to Golden Brown (5D7), to margin Champagne (4B4); pigmentand exudate absent.

On corn meal agar (Difco) colony attaining a diameter of 24.7 mm after21 days at 25° C. Colony mat Yellowish White (3A2), floccose; reverseYellowish White (3A2); pigment and exudate absent.

On YpSs agar (0.4% yeast extract, 1% soluble starch, 1.5% agar (allDifco), 0.05% K₂HPO₄ (Sigma), pH 7.2) colony attaining 39 mm after 21days at 25° C. Colony mat white, sulcate; reverse Light Yellow (4A4) tomargin Yellowish White (3A2) to Pale Yellow (3A3); pigment and exudateabsent.

The characteristics of colony described were based on Methuen Handbookof colour (Kornerup, A. and Wanscher, J. H. 3^(rd) ed., 252p., EyreMethuen, London. 1978.

Mycelium micronematous; conidophores simple to sometimes branched,phialides usually arising from aerial hyphae, erect, collarette notvisible, 15.5–30 um height, widest portion 1.5 um and gradually taper to0.5 um; conidia in slim heads, asymmetrical, elongate ellipsoidal tofusoid, 3–6×1.5 um, hyaline, smooth walled; chlamydospores absent.

For the production of the new antibiotics, of the present invention arenot limited to this particular organism or to organisms fully answeringthe above characteristics, which are given for illustration purposeonly. It is desired and intended to include the use of mutants producedfrom this organism by various means such as exposures to X-radiation,ultraviolet radiation, N′-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, phages,and like.

Acylation Method for the Preparation of Compounds of Formula I

The selective acylation of Cyan-416 B 1 with an anhydride of the formula(R—C(O)—)₂O where R is straight and branched alkyl of 1 to 10 carbonatoms, alkenyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbonatoms and cycloalkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the presence of borontrifluoride diethyl etherate (BF₃-Et₂O) affords an ester derivative ofCyan-416 B 2 as shown in Scheme 1.

where R is straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenylof 2 to 10 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms andcycloalkenyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms.Preferably, R is —CH₂CH₂CH₃, —CH(CH₃)₂, —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃, or—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃. As further shown in Scheme 2, hydrolysis with acid ofCyan 416 A 3 affords Cyan 416 B 1.

Biological ActivityStandard Pharmacological Test Procedures

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the lowest concentration ofthe antibiotic which inhibits growth of the test organism, is determinedby the broth dilution method using Muller-Hinton II agar (BaltimoreBiological Laboratories) following the recommendations of the NationalCommittee for Clinical Laboratory Standards [Methods for dilutionantimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically.Approved standard M7-A2. National Committee for Clinical LaboratoryStandards, Villanova, Pa].

An inoculum level of 5×10⁵ CFU/ml, and a range of antibioticconcentrations (64–0.06 μg/ml) is used. The MIC is determined after themicrotiter plates are incubated for 18 hours at 35° C. in an ambient airincubator. The test organisms comprise a spectrum of the Gram-positivebacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, andEnterococcus sp., the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and theyeast Candida albicans. These organisms include recent clinical isolatesthat are resistant to methicillin and vancomycin. MIC data of Cyan-416A–E are listed in Table 1 and MIC data of ester derivatives of Cyan-416B (Formula I) are listed in Table 2.

TABLE 1 Antimicrobial Activity of Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C,Cyan-416 D, and Cyan-416 E. MIC (μg/ml) Cyan 416 A Cyan 416 B Cyan 416 CCyan 416 D Cyan 416 E Test organism Example 3a Example 3b Example 3cExample 4a Example 4b Staphylococcus aureus GC 4536 8 32 32 64 64Staphylococcus aureus GC 1131 8 32 32 64 64 Staphylococcus aureus GC2216 8 32 32 64 64 Enterococcus faecalis GC 842 16 64 32 64 64Enterococcus faecalis GC 2242 16 32 32 32 64 Enterococcus faecalis GC4555 16 64 64 64 64 Pseudomonas aeruginosa GC 2214 >64 >64 >64 >64 64Escherichia coli GC 2203 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 Escherichia coil GC 4560(imp) 32 64 >64 64 64 Candida albicans GC 3066 >64 >64 >64 >64 64

TABLE 2 Antimicrobial Activity of Esters of Cyan-416 B (Formula I). MIC(μg/ml) Formula I, R = CH₃ (Cyan416-A) (CH₂)₂CH₃ CH(CH₃)₂ (CH₂)₃CH₃(CH₂)₄CH₃ Test organism Example 3a Example 6 Example 7 Example 8 Example9 Staphylococcus aureus GC 1131 8 8 4 4 4 Staphylococcus aureus GC 454116 8 2 4 4 Staphylococcus aureus GC 4543 8 8 4 4 4 Staphylococcus aureusGC 2216 8 8 4 4 4 Staphylococcus haemolyticus GC 4547 16 16 4 4 4Enterococcus faecalis GC 6189 16 16 4 4 4 Enterococcus faecalis GC 455516 16 4 4 4 Enterococcus faecalis GC 2242 16 8 4 4 4 Enterococcusfaecium GC 4556 16 8 4 4 4 Enterococcus faecium GC 2243 8 16 8 4 4Enterococcus faecium 4558 8 8 2 2 2 Streptococcus pneumoniae GC 1894 816 8 8 8 Streptococcus pneumoniae GC 6242 8 32 16 8 8 Escherichia colicoli GC 2203 >128 >128 >128 >128 >128 Escherichia coli GC 4560 (imp) 3216 8 8 8 Candida albicans GC 3066 >128 >128 >128 >128 >128The in vitro antimicrobial results show that the products according tothe invention have significant activity against Gram-positive bacteriatested.

Antibiotic Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D, Cyan-416 Eand esters of Cyan-416B derive their utility from antibacterialactivity. For example, Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D,and Cyan-416 E may be used in the suppression of bacterial infections,as topical antibacterial agents or as a general disinfectant. Cyan-416A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D, and Cyan-416 E and esters ofCyan-416B are not limited to the uses listed. In therapeutic use, thecompound of this invention may be administered in the form ofconventional pharmaceutical compositions appropriate for the intendeduse. Such compositions may be formulated as to be suitable for oral,parenteral or topical administration. The active ingredient may becombined in admixture with a nontoxic pharmaceutical carrier that maytake a variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired foradministration, i.e. oral, parenteral, or topical.

When the compounds of the invention are employed as antibacterials, theycan be combined with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers,for example, solvents, diluents and the like, and may be administeredorally in such forms as tablets, capsules, dispersible powders,granules, or suspensions containing, for example, from about 0.05 to 5%of suspending agent, syrups containing, for example, from about 10 to50% of sugar, and elixirs containing for example, from about 20 to 50%ethanol and the like, or parenterally in the form of sterile injectablesolutions or suspensions containing from about 0.05 to 5% suspendingagent in an isotonic medium. Such pharmaceutical preparations maycontain, for example, from about 25 to about 90% of the activeingredient in combination with the carrier, more usually between about5% and 60% by weight. An effective amount of compound from 0.01 mg/kg ofbody weight to 100.0 mg/kg of body weight should be administered one tofive times per day via any typical route of administration including butnot limited to oral, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intravenous,intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques), topicalor rectal, in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxicpharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles. It will beunderstood, however, that the specific dose level and frequency ofdosage for any particular patient may be varied and will depend upon avariety of factors including the activity of the specific compoundemployed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound,the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, mode and time ofadministration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity of theparticular condition of the host undergoing therapy.

Additionally, the antibacterially effective amount of the antibiotic ofthe invention may be administered at a dosage and frequency withoutinducing side effects commonly experienced with conventional antibiotictherapy which could include hypersensitivity, neuromuscular blockade,vertigo, photosensitivity, discoloration of teeth, hematologic changes,gastrointestinal disturbances, ototoxicity, and renal, hepatic, orcardiac impairment. Further the frequency and duration of dosage may bemonitored to substantially limit harmful effects to normal tissuescaused by administration at or above the antibacterially effectiveamount of the antibiotic of the invention.

The active compound of the invention may be administered orally as wellas by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes. Solid carriersinclude starch, lactose, dicalcium phosphate, microcrystallinecellulose, sucrose and kaolin, while liquid carriers include sterilewater, polyethylene glycols, non-ionic surfactants and edible oils suchas corn, peanut and sesame oils, as are appropriate to the nature of theactive ingredient and the particular form of administration desired.Adjuvants customarily employed in the preparation of pharmaceuticalcompositions may be advantageously included, such as flavoring agents,coloring agents, preserving agents, and antioxidants, for example,vitamin E, ascorbic acid, BHT and BHA. The active compound may also beadministered parenterally or intraperitoneally. Solutions or suspensionsof the active compound as a free base or pharmacologically acceptablesalt can be prepared in glycerol, liquid, polyethylene glycols andmixtures thereof in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use,these preparations contain a preservative. The pharmaceutical formssuitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions ordispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation ofsterile injectable solutions or dispersions. In all cases, the form mustbe sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringabilityexists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture andstorage and must be preserved against the contaminating action ofmicroorganisms such as bacterial and fungi. The carrier can be a solventor dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol(e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol),suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oil.

The invention accordingly provides a pharmaceutical composition, whichcomprises a compound of this invention in combination or associationwith a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In particular, the presentinvention provides a pharmaceutical composition, which comprises anantibacterially effective amount of a compound of this invention and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The present invention further provides a method of treating bacterialinfections in warm-blooded animals including man, which comprisesadministering to the afflicted warm-blooded animals an antibacteriallyeffective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutical composition of acompound of the invention. The invention will be more fully described inconjunction with the following specific examples, which are not to beconstrued as limiting the scope of the invention.

As used herein an effective amount refers to the quantity of a compoundof the invention which is sufficient to yield a desired therapeuticresponse without undue adverse side effects (such as toxicity)commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio when used in themethod of this invention.

The Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D, Cyan-416 E andesters of Cyan-416B according to the invention, have good antimicrobialactivity may be used in antimicrobial compositions, especially as anantiseptic by local and general application, and as a disinfectant.

As antiseptics for human or veterinary use, the concentration of activeproduct can vary from about 0.01% to 5% by weight according to the useand the chosen formulation. Thus, it is possible to prepare foamingdetergent solutions to be used by surgeons and nursing staff for washingtheir hands or to be used for cleansing dermatological lesions such asimpetigo, pityriasis and leg ulcers. Foaming detergent solutions arealso used as shampoos (for example antidandruff shampoos) or for thepreparation of shower gels, shaving creams and foaming lotions. Foamingsolutions containing Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D,Cyan-416 E and esters of Cyan-416B according to the invention areobtained using amphoteric, anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactants ata concentration of about 0.3 to 30%, humectants such as glycols orpolyethylene glycols, at a concentration of 0 to 20% ethylene oxide andpolypropylene copolymers at a concentration of 0 to 20%, and an alcohol(ethanol, isopropanol, benzyl alcohol) or a polyol, such as glycerol, ata concentration of 0 to 15%, as well as agents for complexing Ca++, Mg++and heavy metal ions, salts for providing an appropriate buffercapacity, agents for imparting viscosity, such as NaCl or KCl, natural,cellulosic or synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone,thickening superfatting agents such as polyethylene glycol distearate orcopra monoethanolamide or diethanolamide, fragrances, preservatives andcolorants.

It is possible to use microemulsions, micellar solutions or any otherphase of the ternary or quaternary diagram of water/activeprinciple/surfactant/co-surfactant which permits solubilization ofCyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D, Cyan-416 E and esters ofCyan-416B in water. These solutions can be used in diluted or undilutedform and can be dispensed for example by means of a vasopump orliquefied or non-liquefied propellants.

With the same constituents at appropriate concentrations, the productaccording to the invention can also be used to prepare simple aqueoussolutions or aqueous solutions in the form of sprays for makingoperative fields antiseptic, for postoperative treatments, for thetreatment of burns, superinfected eczema, gluteal erythema, wounds oracne, or for deodorants.

Simple alcoholic solutions or alcoholic solutions in the form of sprayscontaining 20 to 80% by weight of alcohol can contain, apart from theexcipients used in aqueous solutions, excipients which make it possibleto penetrate the keratinized layers of the skin and superficial bodygrowths, such as Azone (marketed by Nelson Research) and Transcutol(marketed by Gattefosse). These solutions are to be used for making theskin antiseptic before puncture, for preparing the operative field, bynursing staff for making their hands antiseptic and for treating closedinfected dermatosis, folliculitis, perionychia or acne.

Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D, Cyan-416 E and esters ofCyan-416B according to the invention can be applied in the form ofcreams together with the fatty substances normally found in thepreparation of creams or emulsions.

Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D, Cyan-416 E and Cyan-416Band esters of Cyan-416B according to the invention can also be used inanimals for indications such as the prevention or treatment of infectedlesions. In this case, the pharmaceutical compositions are similar tothose used in man, in particular creams sprays or solutions.

Moreover, the rapid lethal action on germs of Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B,Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D, Cyan-416 E and esters of Cyan-416B according tothe invention may be used as surface disinfectants at concentrationswhich can vary from about 0.1 to 4% by weight. In this case, Cyan-416 A,Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D, Cyan-416 E and esters of Cyan-416Bis used in preparations such as aqueous or non-aqueous foaming detergentsolutions, sprays or nebulizers. This type of preparation isparticularly useful in the hospital or veterinary sectors. Thesepreparations can contain the same constituents as those used in theantiseptic formulations, although a variety of organic solvents may beadded.

General Fermentation Conditions

Culture LL-Cyan-416 Acremonium sp. NRRL30631 is inoculated on moistmilk-filter paper placed on the surface of a solid, agar mediumcontaining agar, malt extract, peptone, and yeast extract and incubatedunder stationary conditions at 22° C.

General Isolation Procedures of Antibiotics Cyan-416 A, B, C, D, and E

The Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D, and Cyan-416 E arerecovered from the fermentation broth by extracting cells with methanol.The methanol extract is evaporated under reduced pressure and theconcentrate purified by HPLC on C18 columns using acidic acetonitrile inwater to afford Cyan-416 A, Cyan-416 B, Cyan-416 C, Cyan-416 D, andCyan-416 E.

The invention is further described in conjunction with the followingnon-limited examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Inoculum Preparation

Fungal culture LL-Cyan-416 is plated on Bennett's agar medium (10 g/lSigma D-glucose, 1 g/l Difco beef extract, 1 g/l Difco yeast extract, 2g/l N—Z amine A, 20 g/l Difco agar) from a frozen 25% glycerol stockculture and then incubated at 22° C. A small agar slice bearing mycelialgrowth is used to inoculate 50 ml of Difco potato-dextrose broth in a250-ml Erlenmeyer flask. This liquid seed culture is shaken at 200 rpmat 22° C. for one week, and then used to inoculate production medium.

EXAMPLE 2 Fermentation

Production medium (1 L) consisted of malt extract agar (25 g Difco maltextract, 5 g Difco peptone, 0.5 g Difco yeast extract, 20 g Difco agar)that has been sterilized and poured into a 30×20×13 cm polypropylenetray covered with aluminum foil. The solidified agar is then overlaidwith a sterile 28×46 cm sheet of nongauze milk-filter paper cut from18×22 in strips (KenAG Animal Care Group, Ashland, Ohio) that had beensterilized separately. The production medium is inoculated by pipeting50 ml of seed culture fluid onto the sheet of milk-filter paper. Theinoculated tray culture is incubated stationary at 22° C. After 2 weeksof incubation, the milk-filter paper bearing prolific mycelial growth ispeeled from the surface of the agar, lyophilized for 5 days, and thenextracted with methanol (1.2 L).

EXAMPLES 3a, 3b, and 3c Purification of New Antibiotics Cyan-416 A(3a),Cyan-416 B(3b), and Cyan-416 C(3c)

The methanol extract obtained in EXAMPLE 2 is chromatographed by reversephase HPLC on a C18 column (YMC ODS-A, 10 μm particle size, 70×500 mm),using a linear gradient of 30–100% acetonitrile in water containing0.01% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) over 35 min. Four fractions at 27.5,30.5, 35.0, and 38.37 minutes are collected. The materials from thelater three fractions at 30.5, 35.0, and 38.37 minutes are respectivelypurified by a different HPLC system (YMC ODS-A, 5 μm, 30×250 mm column,40–75% acetonitrile in water containing 0.01% TFA over 30 min) to affordcyan-416 B (4.5 mg), cyan-416 C (4.2 mg), and cyan-416 A (130.8 mg), allas yellow amorphous powders.

EXAMPLES 4a and 4b Purification of New Antibiotics Cyan-416 D(4a) andCyan-416 E(4b)

The material from the first fraction at 27.5 minutes described inEXAMPLE 3 is further separated by HPLC (YMC ODS-A, 5 μm, 30×250 mmcolumn, 30–100% acetonitrile in water containing 0.01% TFA over 30 min)to afford pure Cyan-416 D (21.0 mg) and cyan-416 E (3.1 mg), both aspale yellow amorphous powders.

EXAMPLE 5 Production of Cyan-416 B from Cyan-416 A

A solution of Cyan-416 A (120.0 mg) in 1 ml 1:1 Et₂O/MeOH containing 0.5M hydrochloric acid is stirred at ambient temperature for 24 hours. Thepurification of the resulting mixture by HPLC (same system as in Example4) affords Cyan-416 B (102.5 mg). ESIMS (negative) m/z 571 (M-H)⁻.

EXAMPLE 6

To a solution of Cyan-416 B (20.0 mg) in dry tetrahydrofuran (0.5 ml),is added dropwise a solution of 7% (v/v) of BF₃-Et₂O in butyricanhydride (0.2 ml) at 0° C. The reaction mixture is stirred at thistemperature for 2 hours before methanol (2.0 ml) is added. The resultingsolution is stirred for 0.5 hour at ambient temperature and thenchromatographed by HPLC on a C18 column (YMC ODS-A, 5 μm particle size,30×250 mm) using a linear gradient (40–100% acetonitrile in watercontaining 0.01% TFA in 30 minutes) to afford Cyan-416 B butyrate (15.3mg, Formula I, R═CH₂CH₂CH₃). ESIMS (negative) m/z 641 (M-H)⁻.

EXAMPLE 7

Cyan-416 B (20.0 mg) is acylated using isobutyric anhydride to replacebutyric anhydride in the procedure described in EXAMPLE 6 to affordCyan-416 B isobutyrate (12.0 mg, Formula I, R═CH(CH₃)₂). ESIMS(negative) m/z641 (M-H)⁻.

EXAMPLE 8

Cyan-416 B (20.0 mg) is acylated using pentanoic anhydride to replacebutyric anhydride in the procedure described in EXAMPLE 6 to affordCyan-416 B pentanoate (17.2 mg, Formula I, R═CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃). ESIMS(negative) m/z 655 (M-H)⁻.

EXAMPLE 9

Cyan-416 B (20.0 mg) is acylated using hexanoic anhydride to replacebutyric anhydride in the procedure described in EXAMPLE 6 to affordCyan-416 B hexanoate (17.8 mg, Formula I, R═CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃). ESIMS(negative) m/z669 (M-H)⁻.

1. The compound which has the structure


2. The compound which has the structure


3. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of acompound of claim 1 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of acompound of claim 2 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.5. A pharmaceutical or disinfectant composition which contains aneffective antimicrobial, antiseptic or disinfectant amount of a compoundof claim 1 as an active ingredient.
 6. A pharmaceutical or disinfectantcomposition which contains an effective antimicrobial, antiseptic ordisinfectant amount of a compound of claim 2 as an active ingredient.